Initial commit: MPL specification and M0 documentation

- Complete language specification (math_prog_lang.md)
- M0 blocker tracking issue template
- Glyph escape sequences reference
- Operator precedence table
- Example programs from specification
- Project README

Ready for pre-M0 implementation phase

examples/01_hello_world.mpl

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+✎"Hello, World!"

examples/02_factorial.mpl

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+factorial ≜ λn∈ℕ: n≤1 ⟹ 1 | n×factorial(n-1)
+result ← factorial(5)
+✎result

examples/03_file_processing.mpl

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+processFile ≜ λpath: 🖫path ↴ {
+    data ← readFile(path)
+    result ← transform(data)
+    writeFile(result, 🖫"output.txt")
+    ⟨"success"|"failed"⟩
+} ↴ {↯e ⇒ ⟨⊥|e⟩}

examples/04_concurrent_download.mpl

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+downloadAll ≜ λurls: ∀url∈urls: (
+    fetchData(url) ‖ processData(url)
+) ⟹ mergeResults()

examples/05_module_definition.mpl

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+𝓜 Mathematics ⇒ {
+    π ≜ 3.14159
+    sin ≜ λx∈ℝ: ...
+    cos ≜ λx∈ℝ: ...
+}
+
+angle ← π/4
+result ← Mathematics‧sin(angle)

examples/06_resource_management.mpl

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+databaseQuery ≜ λquery: 〔
+    conn ← database ⊕
+    ⌈
+        result ← execute(conn, query)
+        ✎"Query executed"
+        result
+    ⌉_db_lock
+    conn ⊖
+〕

examples/07_metaprogramming.mpl

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+generateFunction ≜ λname: ⌜
+    λx: x × 2
+⌝
+
+doubler ← ⌞generateFunction("doubler")⌟
+result ← doubler(21)

examples/08_realtime_system.mpl

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+scheduler ≜ ⟳(
+    tasks ← getPendingTasks()
+    ∀task∈tasks: execute(task) ‖ monitor(task)
+    , 100ms
+)

examples/09_network_server.mpl

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+server ≜ λport: 〔
+    socket ← bind(port) ⊕
+    ∀request: (
+        data ← ↽_socket request
+        response ← processRequest(data)
+        ⇀_socket response
+    ) ‖ handleNext()
+    socket ⊖
+〕

examples/10_type_safe_database.mpl

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+User ≜ {name: String, age: ℕ∣age>0, email: String}
+query ≜ λtable∈Database: ∀row∈table: validateUser(row) ↴ {
+    ↯"Invalid user" ⟹ ⊥
+}