A proof-of-concept parser demonstrating that programming languages can be built entirely from mathematical notation, enabling cognitive universality in computing. MPL replaces English keywords with mathematical symbols, making programming accessible to the 80% of humanity who don't speak English. Every design decision follows the Fatima Test: "Will this make sense to a 10-year-old who doesn't speak English?" Current implementation: - Complete ANTLR 4 grammar with 70+ mathematical operators - Parser supporting all major programming paradigms - Zero grammar ambiguities - ASCII escape sequences for every Unicode symbol This release contains: - Core parser implementation - Grammar specification - Example programs - Comprehensive documentation - Whitepaper outlining the vision Note: This is a parser-only proof of concept. Programs can be parsed but not executed. The interpreter and runtime are future work.
373 lines
No EOL
7.6 KiB
ANTLR
373 lines
No EOL
7.6 KiB
ANTLR
grammar MPL;
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@header {
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package com.mpl.parser;
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}
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// ============================================================================
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// PARSER RULES
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// ============================================================================
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program
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: statement* EOF
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;
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statement
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: expr SEMICOLON
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| expr // Allow last statement without semicolon
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;
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// Expression hierarchy following precedence table (lowest to highest)
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expr
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: seqExpr // Level -2: Statement sequencing
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;
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seqExpr
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: parallelExpr (SEMICOLON parallelExpr)*
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;
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parallelExpr
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: assignExpr (PARALLEL assignExpr)* // Level -1: Parallel composition
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;
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assignExpr
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: impliesExpr (LEFTARROW assignExpr)? // Level 0: Assignment (right-assoc)
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;
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impliesExpr
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: orExpr (IMPLIES impliesExpr)? // Level 1: Implication (right-assoc)
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;
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orExpr
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: andExpr (OR andExpr)* // Level 2: Logical OR (left-assoc)
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;
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andExpr
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: compareExpr (AND compareExpr)* // Level 3: Logical AND (left-assoc)
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;
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compareExpr
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: addExpr (compareOp addExpr)? // Level 4: Comparisons (non-assoc)
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;
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compareOp
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: EQ | NEQ | LT | GT | LEQ | GEQ | APPROX | SIM
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;
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addExpr
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: mulExpr ((PLUS | MINUS) mulExpr)* // Level 5: Addition/subtraction
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;
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mulExpr
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: composeExpr ((TIMES | DIV | AST) composeExpr)* // Level 6: Multiplication
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;
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composeExpr
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: unaryExpr (COMPOSE unaryExpr)* // Level 7: Composition
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;
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unaryExpr
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: prefixOp* appExpr // Level 8: Prefix operators
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;
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prefixOp
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: RAISE | TRACE | QUERY | BREAK | DELAY
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;
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appExpr
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: atomExpr atomExpr* // Level 9: Function application
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;
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atomExpr
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: primary
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| LPAREN expr RPAREN
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| block
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| lambda
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| forall
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| conditional
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| choiceType
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| atomicSection
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| raiiScope
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| codeQuote
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| codeEval
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| periodicTask
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| moduleDecl
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| pathLiteral
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| exceptionHandler
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;
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primary
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: IDENTIFIER
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| greekVar
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| NUMBER
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| STRING
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| RAWSTRING
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| TRUE
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| FALSE
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| BOTTOM
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| EMPTYSET
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| typeSymbol
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| list
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| set
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| record
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;
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greekVar
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: ALPHA | BETA | GAMMA | DELTA | EPSILON | ZETA | ETA | THETA
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| IOTA | KAPPA | LAMBDA_VAR | MU | NU | XI | OMICRON | PI
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| RHO | SIGMA | TAU | UPSILON | PHI | CHI | PSI | OMEGA
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;
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typeSymbol
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: NAT | INT | RAT | REAL | COMPLEX | BOOL
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;
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block
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: LBRACE statement* RBRACE
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;
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lambda
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: LAMBDA pattern (IN expr)? COLON expr
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;
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forall
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: FORALL pattern IN expr COLON expr
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;
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conditional
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: expr BAR expr // Simple conditional
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;
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choiceType
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: LANGLE expr BAR expr RANGLE
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;
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atomicSection
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: LCEIL expr RCEIL (UNDERSCORE IDENTIFIER)?
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;
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raiiScope
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: LRAII statement* RRAII
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;
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codeQuote
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: ULCORNER expr URCORNER
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;
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codeEval
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: LLCORNER expr LRCORNER
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;
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periodicTask
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: PERIODIC LPAREN expr COMMA NUMBER IDENTIFIER? RPAREN
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;
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moduleDecl
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: MODULE IDENTIFIER EXPORT block
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;
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pathLiteral
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: PATH STRING
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;
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exceptionHandler
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: expr HANDLE LBRACE (RAISE IDENTIFIER EXPORT expr)+ RBRACE
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;
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pattern
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: IDENTIFIER
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| greekVar
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| UNDERSCORE
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| pattern (COMMA pattern)*
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;
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list
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: LBRACK (expr (COMMA expr)*)? RBRACK
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;
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set
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: LBRACE (expr (COMMA expr)*)? RBRACE
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;
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record
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: LBRACE fieldAssignment (COMMA fieldAssignment)* RBRACE
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;
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fieldAssignment
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: IDENTIFIER COLON expr
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;
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// ============================================================================
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// LEXER RULES
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// ============================================================================
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// Keywords
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IN : '∈' | '\\in' ;
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TRUE : 'true' ;
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FALSE : 'false' ;
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// Greek letters
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ALPHA : 'α' | '\\alpha' ;
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BETA : 'β' | '\\beta' ;
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GAMMA : 'γ' | '\\gamma' ;
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DELTA : 'δ' | '\\delta' ;
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EPSILON : 'ε' | '\\epsilon' ;
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ZETA : 'ζ' | '\\zeta' ;
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ETA : 'η' | '\\eta' ;
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THETA : 'θ' | '\\theta' ;
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IOTA : 'ι' | '\\iota' ;
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KAPPA : 'κ' | '\\kappa' ;
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LAMBDA_VAR : 'λ' | '\\lambda' | '\\lam' ;
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MU : 'μ' | '\\mu' ;
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NU : 'ν' | '\\nu' ;
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XI : 'ξ' | '\\xi' ;
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OMICRON : 'ο' | '\\omicron' ;
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PI : 'π' | '\\pi' ;
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RHO : 'ρ' | '\\rho' ;
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SIGMA : 'σ' | '\\sigma' ;
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TAU : 'τ' | '\\tau' ;
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UPSILON : 'υ' | '\\upsilon' ;
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PHI : 'φ' | '\\phi' ;
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CHI : 'χ' | '\\chi' ;
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PSI : 'ψ' | '\\psi' ;
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OMEGA : 'ω' | '\\omega' ;
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// Type symbols
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NAT : 'ℕ' | '\\nat' | '\\N' ;
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INT : 'ℤ' | '\\int' | '\\Z' ;
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RAT : 'ℚ' | '\\rat' | '\\Q' ;
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REAL : 'ℝ' | '\\real' | '\\R' ;
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COMPLEX : 'ℂ' | '\\complex' | '\\C' ;
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BOOL : '𝔹' | '\\bool' | '\\B' ;
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// Operators by precedence
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SEMICOLON : ';' ;
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PARALLEL : '‖' | '\\parallel' ;
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LEFTARROW : '←' | '\\leftarrow' | '\\gets' ;
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IMPLIES : '⟹' | '\\implies' | '\\Rightarrow' ;
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OR : '∨' | '\\or' | '\\vee' ;
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AND : '∧' | '\\and' | '\\wedge' ;
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EQ : '=' ;
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NEQ : '≠' | '\\neq' | '\\ne' ;
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LT : '<' ;
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GT : '>' ;
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LEQ : '≤' | '\\leq' | '\\le' ;
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GEQ : '≥' | '\\geq' | '\\ge' ;
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APPROX : '≈' | '\\approx' ;
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SIM : '∼' | '\\sim' ;
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PLUS : '+' ;
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MINUS : '-' ;
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TIMES : '×' | '\\times' ;
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DIV : '÷' | '\\div' ;
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AST : '∗' | '\\ast' ;
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COMPOSE : '∘' | '\\circ' ;
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// Unary operators
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RAISE : '↯' | '\\raise' ;
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TRACE : '✎' | '\\trace' ;
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QUERY : '?' | '\\query' ;
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BREAK : '⧈' | '\\break' ;
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DELAY : '⏲' | '\\delay' ;
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// Special operators
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LAMBDA : 'λ' | '\\lambda' | '\\lam' ;
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FORALL : '∀' | '\\forall' ;
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EXISTS : '∃' | '\\exists' ;
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DEFINITION : '≜' | '\\coloneq' ;
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HANDLE : '↴' | '\\handle' ;
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ALLOC : '⊕' | '\\oplus' ;
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RELEASE : '⊖' | '\\ominus' ;
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MODULE : '𝓜' | '\\module' ;
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IMPORT : '⇐' | '\\Leftarrow' ;
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EXPORT : '⇒' | '\\Rightarrow' ;
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SEND : '⇀' | '\\send' ;
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RECEIVE : '↽' | '\\receive' ;
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PATH : '🖫' | '\\path' ;
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PERIODIC : '⟳' | '\\periodic' ;
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BOTTOM : '⊥' | '\\bot' ;
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EMPTYSET : '∅' | '\\emptyset' ;
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// Delimiters
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LPAREN : '(' ;
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RPAREN : ')' ;
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LBRACK : '[' ;
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RBRACK : ']' ;
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LBRACE : '{' ;
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RBRACE : '}' ;
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LANGLE : '⟨' | '\\langle' ;
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RANGLE : '⟩' | '\\rangle' ;
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LCEIL : '⌈' | '\\lceil' ;
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RCEIL : '⌉' | '\\rceil' ;
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LRAII : '〔' | '\\lbracket' ;
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RRAII : '〕' | '\\rbracket' ;
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ULCORNER : '⌜' | '\\ulcorner' ;
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URCORNER : '⌝' | '\\urcorner' ;
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LLCORNER : '⌞' | '\\llcorner' ;
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LRCORNER : '⌟' | '\\lrcorner' ;
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// Other symbols
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COLON : ':' ;
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COMMA : ',' ;
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DOT : '.' ;
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UNDERSCORE : '_' ;
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BAR : '|' ;
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ARROW : '→' | '\\rightarrow' | '\\to' ;
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MIDDOT : '‧' ;
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// Identifiers
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IDENTIFIER
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: [a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*
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;
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// Numbers
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NUMBER
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: INTEGER
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| FLOAT
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| HEX
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| BINARY
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;
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fragment INTEGER
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: [0-9]+
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;
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fragment FLOAT
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: [0-9]+ '.' [0-9]+
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| [0-9]+ '.' [0-9]+ [eE] [+-]? [0-9]+
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;
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fragment HEX
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: '0x' [0-9a-fA-F]+
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;
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fragment BINARY
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: '0b' [01]+
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;
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// String literals
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STRING
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: '"' (ESC | ~["\\])* '"'
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;
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RAWSTRING
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: '"""' .*? '"""'
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;
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fragment ESC
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: '\\' [\\nrt0"]
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| '\\u{' [0-9a-fA-F]+ '}'
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;
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// Comments
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COMMENT
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: '--' ~[\r\n]* -> skip
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;
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MULTILINE_COMMENT
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: '{-' (MULTILINE_COMMENT | .)*? '-}' -> skip
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;
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// Whitespace
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WS
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: [ \t\r\n]+ -> skip
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; |